Computer terms and meaning (SJCHS)

1.ALU  - Arithmetic Logic Unit

2.AVR  - Automatic Voltage Regulator

3.B  - Byte

4.CD  - Compact Disk

5.CPU  - Central Processing Unit

6.CU – Control Unit

7.DVD  - Digital Video Disk

8.EB  - Exabyte

9.EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

10.GB  - Gigabyte

11.MB  - Megabyte

12.MS  - Microsoft

13.OS – Operating System

14.PB  - Petabyte

15.PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory

 16.RAM  - Random Access Memory

17.ROM  - Read Only Memory

18.TB  - Terabyte

19.USB  - Universal Serial Bus

20.WWW – World Wide Web

B. Computer terms and meaning:

1. Access - Computers. to locate (data) for transfer from one part of a computer system to another, generally between an external storage device and main storage.

2. Bit -A bit (short for "binary digit") is the smallest unit of measurement used to quantify computer data. It contains a single binary value of 0 or 1.

3. Browse - In database systems, browse means to view data. Many database systems support a special browse mode , in which you can flip through fields and records quickly. Usually, you cannot modify data while you are in browse mode. To view formatted documents. For example, you look at Web pages with a Web browser. Browse is often used to mean the same as surf.

4. Burning - Slang term meaning to write data to a CD-ROM. A CD burner is another name for a CD-R drive.

5. Byte - Abbreviation for binary term, a unit of storage capable of holding a single character. On almost all modern computers, a byte is equal to 8 bits.

6. Clipboard - A special file or memory area (buffer) where data is stored temporarily before being copied to another location.

7. Cache - A special high-speed storage mechanism. It can be either a reserved section of main memory or an independent high-speed storage device.

8. Configure - The way a system is set up. Configuration can refer to either hardware or software, or the combination of both.

9. Customize - to modify or build according to individual or personal specifications or preference: to customize an automobile.

10. Data - Data is distinct information that is formatted in a special way. Data exists in a variety of forms, like text on paper or bytes stored in electronic memory.

11. Debug - Computer programmers, like everybody else, are not perfect. This means the programs they write sometimes have small errors, called "bugs," in them. These bugs can be minor, such as not recognizing user input, or more serious, such as a memory leak that crashes the program. Before releasing their software to the public, programmers "debug" their programs, eliminating as many errors as possible. This debugging process often takes a long time, as fixing some errors may introduce others. Debugging your windshield at a gas station is much easier than debugging a computer program.

12. Default - A value or setting that a device or program automatically selects if you do not specify a substitute. For example, word processors have default margins and default page lengths that you can override or reset.

13. Desktop - (1) In graphical user interfaces, a desktop is the metaphor used to portray file systems. Such a desktop consists of pictures, called icons, that show cabinets, files, folders, and various types of documents (that is, letters, reports, pictures).

14. Document - (n.) In the PC world, the term was originally used for a file created with a word processor. In addition to text, documents can contain graphics, charts, and other objects.

15. Download- To copy data (usually an entire file) from a main source to a peripheral device.

 16. Footer - One or more lines of text that appear at the bottom of every page of a document. Once you specify what text should appear in the footer, the application automatically inserts it.

17. Format - To prepare a storage medium, usually a disk, for reading and writing.

18. Hardware - Computer hardware refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips.

19. Header - In many disciplines of computer science, a header is a unit of information that precedes a data object.

20. Hyperlink - An element in an electronic document that links to another place in the same document or to an entirely different document.

 21. Icons - small picture that represents an object or program.

22. Indent - The word indent is used to describe the distance, or number of blank spaces used to separate a paragraph from the left or right margins.

23. Justify - alternatively referred to as align or alignment, justify is a term used to describe how text is aligned. For example, text that is justified to the left creates a straight line of text on the left-hand side of the page (like this paragraph). Text can be aligned along the edge of a page, cell, div, table, or other visible or non-visible line. Below are some different examples of aligned text.

24. Launch - is a term used to describe the opening or execution of a program or task.

25. Menu - A list of commands or options from which you can choose.

26. Output - Anything that comes out of a computer. Output can be meaningful information or gibberish, and it can appear in a variety of forms.

27. Peopleware - A term first coined by Peter G. Neuman in 1977, peopleware refers to the role people play in technology and the development of hardware or software. It can include various aspects of the process such as human interaction, programming, productivity, teamwork, and other factors.

28. Peripheral - Alternatively referred to as an auxiliary device, a peripheral is hardware that allows a computer to perform an additional function, but is not something the computer needs in order to work. Below are some good examples of computer peripherals.

29. Program - An organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner. Without programs, computers are useless.

30. Redo - Redo is a function performed on a computer that does any undo function again. For example, if you deleted text and perform an undo, then decide that you wanted that text deleted again, you could do a redo.

31. Register - When referring to a computer processor an internal register, internal data bus, or register refers to how much information a processor can process at one time and how it moves within the chip. The register size can be 16, 32, or 64-bits wide, which allow instructions up to the register size. If a program is designed to process 64-bit instructions, a processor with a 32-bit register would not be able to run the program.

32. Software- Sometimes abbreviated as SW and S/W, software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact with a computer or have it perform specific tasks for them. Without software, computers would be useless. For example, without your Internet browser software you would be unable to surf the Internet or read this page and without a software operating system the browser would not be able to run on your computer. In the picture is a Microsoft Excel software box and an example of a software program.

 33. Storage - Alternatively referred to as storage, storage media, or storage medium, a storage device is any hardware capable of holding information. There are two types of storage devices used in computers; a primary storage device, such as RAM, and a secondary storage device, like a hard drive. Secondary storage can be a removable, internal, or external storage. The picture shows an example of a Drobo, an external secondary storage device.

34. Undo - Undo is a function performed to reverse the action of an earlier action. For example, a user may mistakenly delete text in a Word Processor and use the undo function to undo that deletion. Some software programs may have the capability of performing multiple undo's.

35. Upload - Upload is a term used to describe the process of transferring (sending) a file to another computer through a modem or network. Below are a few examples of how a file may be uploaded to another computer.

36. Window – A section of the computer's display in a GUI that shows the program currently being used. For example, the browser window that you are using to view this web page is a window. Windows allow a user to work with multiple programs or view multiple programs at once. Almost all windows allow you to minimize and maximize them, allowing you to hide and view a program temporarily. Below is an example of what a Microsoft Windows window may look like and each of its major functions, also known as the window elements.

II. Draw the icons of the following commands:

A. Standard tool bar

Icons	Shortcut Task	Functions
	New (Ctrl + N)	Creates a new file
	Open (Ctrl +O)	Opens a file
	Save (Ctrl +S)	Saves the current file
	Search (Ctrl +F)	Searches for text
	Print (Ctrl +P)	Prints current file
	Grammar and Spelling (F7)	Checks for grammar and spelling errors
	Cut (Ctrl +X)	Cuts selected text or object
	Copy (Ctrl +C)	Copies selected text or object
	Paste (Ctrl +V)	Paste contents of the clipboard or cursor position
	Format Painter	Format text according to specification by highlighting
	Undo (Ctrl +Z)	Will undo previous actions
	Redo (Ctrl +Y)	Repeats previous actions
	Insert Hyperlink (Ctrl +K)	Insert a hyperlink in current file
75%	Zoom	Zoom in or out
	Help (F1)	Opens Microsoft office help

B. Formatting tool bar

Icons	Shortcut Task	Functions
	Font	Changes the font being used in the documents
	Font Size	Changes the font size being used in the documents
	Bold (Ctrl + B)	Converts text to bold when activated
	Italic (Ctrl + I)	Converts text to italicized when activated
	Underline (Ctrl + U)	Converts text to underline when activated
	Align Left (Ctrl + L)	Aligns text/objects to the left margins
	Align Center (Ctrl + E)	Aligns text/objects to the center margins
	Align Right (Ctrl + R)	Aligns text/objects to the right margins
	Justify (Ctrl + J)	Justifies alignment of text (alignment to both the left and right margins)
	Font Color	Changes of color of text
	Bullets	Insert a bulleted list in the document
	Decrease Indent	Decrease indent of objects or bulleted lists
	Increase Indent	Increase indent of objects or bulleted lists