Pre-Final Exam
1st Sem 2010 -2011
Principles of Teaching with Field Study
Name: G-one T. Paisones Year & Section: Prof. Ed Date: September 19, 2010
A. Individual Differences:
1. Cite a situation to show each of the following characteristics of individual differences.
a. variability
Î Variability can be seen when you measure a certain group with respect to a given trait, and the group will be found to vary. In a normal-curve distribution of individual differences; Stanley et al., stress that 68 percent of the student-population have average intelligence and 16 percent of the student-population have below or above the average intelligence; and according by Gregorio (1960) that “experience has shown that for most traits (e.g. mental capacity, intelligence, etc…) extremely high scores and extremely low scores are relatively few in number
b. differential rates of growth and learning
Î Different rates of growth and learning is another characteristic of individual diversity. Development does not start at the same time foe all individuals, nor does it proceed uniformly for all (Gregorio, 1960, page 405). It means that some students develop earlier, some were late and some students learn faster while other students learn slowly.
Î Differential rate of growth and learning is due to many factors such as:
§ Mental readiness
§ Physically illness
§ Social and economic status
§ Psychological dilemma
c. interrelationship of traits
Î Interrelationship of traits such as physical, emotional and mental traits is bound to affect others. Emotional distress may lead to a fail mark in school. Fail marks become the psychological difficulty of a student which causes him/her to have a mental stress. Subsequent to these failing marks; the parents might implement a physical punishment to their son/daughter.
2. Why are individuals different?
Î Every human is unique, indeed every human is different. These differences are cause by the following:
o Race – Anthropologists and other scientific entities state that there may be some differences in behavior among different races.
o Sex – the differences in sexes are significant in studying individual differences. Please read number-4 for more elaborations about the differences between males and females.
o Heredity – the influence of factors inherent in the child himself from the time he is conceived.
o Maturity – Students in any grade present great variants of differences because of their different interest and needs.
o Social and Economic Status- refers to the social conditions between rich, average and poor people.
Î Due to these sources or reasons; individual differences among people involve in the following:
o rate of physical growth
o mental capacity
o strength of emotions
o quickness of thoughts
o reaction time
o ability to respond to a certain types of social condition
Î For my opinion the other grounds of individual differences are base primarily in the following:
o different needs and interest
o emotion (e.g. love, hate. etc)
o diversity in individual perspective
o curiosity
o search for happiness or satisfaction
3. What are the differences among children? Describe each difference.
Î The differences among children are the following:
o Physical differences – In a particular grade in the same age; there are great differences in their physical characteristics. Some of the students are slender and others are stout; some have light complexion while others have a dark skin.
o Mental differences – Diversity in mental growth in a particular group of students are easily be distinguished as seen in Normal Distribution curve. The mental ability of the child can be measured by the use of intelligence tests. The degree of differences in mental ages at various chronological ages may be seen that the range in mental ages increase as children grow older.
o Growth pattern and personality – Student have relatively diversified amount of growth with regards to their personality. The greater amounts of these personalities are coming from the surrounding of the child (e.g. family, community, friends, etc).
o Experiential differences – As I had been mention above; because of the difference of interest and needs of every learner may direct to their differences in their empirical activities.
o Different in interest – for me it is the paramount cause of individual differences because; interest can direct an inner intention of every individual to fulfill their goals.
o Differences in school achievement – naturally it is the result of individual differences in mental abilities of the students.
o Other differences
4. In what ways are males different from females?
Below are the outline forms of ways those males different from females:
| DIFFERENCES | |
| BOYS | GIRLS |
| Grow slow | Grow faster |
| Mature slow | Mature Earlier |
| Superior in control of movements | Superior in receptivity of memory |
| Superior in logical processes | Superior in language |
| Interested in things | Interested in people |
| Excel in fighting impulses | Excel in nursing impulses |
| Much Taller and Bigger | Small |
| Fearlessness & vigorous physical activity | Affection, neatness, & sense of humor |
5. How a teacher met individual differences in the classroom?
Î In meeting individual differences in the classroom the teacher should employ the following of methods such as:
o Supervised study
o Homogeneous grouping
o Effective materials for instruction
o Necessary diagnostic and remedial work
o Diversified methods and techniques of teaching
o Diversified nature and amount of assignment
o Acceleration or extra-promotion
o Individual self-instruction
6. How could pupils be grouped?
Î The teacher should know how to group different learners to be able to cope with learners’ diversity. The learners should group according to the following practices:
o Ability grouping
o Leadership grouping
o Interest grouping
o Committee for study project
o Grouping of gifted pupils
o Grouping for special talents
o Grouping for social guidance
o Team grouping
o Tutorial grouping
o Opportunity class group
B. Motivation:
1. Differences intrinsic from extrinsic motivation. Cite example for each.
The difference between intrinsic from extrinsic motivation are outlined below:
| INTRINSIC MOTIVATION | EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION |
| Internal stimulus to learning | External stimulus to learning activity |
| The source of motivation is from within the person himself/herself. | The source of motivation is someone or something outside him/her. |
| Based on the motives that every individual strives to satisfy. | Based on incentives. |
| Examples of Intrinsic Motivation: Ü Desire for knowledge Ü Desire to explore Ü Desire to construct | Examples of Extrinsic Motivation: Ü Praise and blame Ü Rivalry Ü Reward and punishment |
2. Describe a motivated and an unmotivated student.
Î A well motivated student achieves and performs greatly and competently in contrast to an unmotivated or poorly motivated one who seems not to have any aspiration to accomplish things or perform well. A highly motivated learners see the entire class activities as great adventure that have full of challenge and fun while the poorly motivated learners sees the class as the burden torture and part of their life’s horror experience.
3. What is the importance of motivation to learning?
Î Motivation is an inner drive that causes learners to do something and persevere something. It is the strength of the drive toward an action and the moving power that elicits vigorous effort to do things and to learn. Motivation serves as the dynamic force in which energies produced by needs expended in the direction of the goals of the learners. Hence, motivation is the important part of education because it is the heart of the learning process!
4. Of all the incentives in teaching and learning, which three do you think are the most important? Why?
Of all the incentives in teaching and learning, the most important for me are:
µ School marks
µ Exhibiting good works
µ Honor roll
Although, I am a goal-directed type of person; and my motive (intrinsic motivation) is not limited with the boundless of infinity; this means that I have an optimistic desire in fulfilling my vision; but, as for my personal assessments and satisfactions of what so ever my achievements I need to know my school marks and my status as one of the top performing students. I fell having a great honor if the school or even a group-section is exhibiting my competent good achievement! Hence, my motives are my objectives, plan, actions and achievements with respect to any academic affairs; and incentives also serve as my output and sign that I am performing very well.
5. In what ways may a learner be motivated?
Î There are many ways that learners may be motivated and these are the following:
o Proper facilitating of learning
o Adequate learning environment
o Lesson should be associated with every human endeavors
o Lesson should be incorporate with the interest and needs of the learners
o Teacher should develop the concentration and attention of the learners
o Teacher should excite the motives of the students
o Teacher should provide incentives in school.
o Teacher should offer self-initiated activities
6. Explain the importance of devices in motivating the learners.
Î Educational devices and technology are important in motivating the learners because:
o Can be used to stimulate learners’ interest and curiosity
o Used to visualize, vitalize education
o Enhancing the teaching method
o Technology provide realistic and correlated information
o Technology present new teaching techniques
o Technology give an chance to exploit learning
o Technology conceptualize the e-learning community
o Technology generate an ample learning atmosphere
o Technology maximize the learners’ productivity
o Technology are means of innovative talents in learning
o Technology designed to set the learning quality
7. How should a teacher select his devices?
Î In selecting an education devices teacher should:
o Classify the order of teaching devices and must be arranged properly.
o See clearly the need for instructional assistance
o Select a concrete device that will assist the pupil in overcoming his/her weakness
o Device should be big enough, well-colored
o Analyze the teaching situation to determine the need for devices
o Considering not, that a device as a substitute for teaching method
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